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Tokre Koli (Dhor Koli):
A number of natural factors play critical role in shaping the folk-life of any of the communities. A number of civilizations and cultures have been nourished and flourished, destroyed or changed and continued to exist thereafter as a result of inter-actions of several natural conditions. Indian culture and civilization is a glorious example of such sustainable existence for time immemorial. The Indian culture is considered to be based on co-ordinating and adjustable temperament. This facilitated maintenance and growth of the culture. In present times, in any specific place, the habitation of any community has its root in past in terms of character of people.
As far as Tokre Koli primitive tribe is concerned we don’t have any reliable data. Nevertheless, the old Gazetteer of Bombay Residency 1901 provides some specific information about their characteristics in past. Some other reports in this regard are also available to throw some more light.
Tokre Koli’s are found in forests and hilly areas. They originally belonged to Khandesh area of Maharashtra. The condition of Tokre Koli tribal people of this area was as bad as slaves of medical period of feudal society. They were known as very hardworking and diligent people. They were satisfied by whatever was given to them by landlords or masters. They have no information about the origin of their name 'Tokre Koli'. They are also known as Kolgha, Kolcha, Dhorkoli and Tokare Koli. Even all these names are different, they have common characteristics basically. Ironically, this tribe is considered as untouchable even by other tribes. As stated earlier, they are known as 'Dhorkoli'. Dhor means cattle. Because these people consume the meat of cattle, they are Dhor-Koli. This was usual practice to give a name of such identification e.g. the persons who were preparing baskets (Tokra) from bamboos, were known as Tokra-Koli.
As per opinion of R.E. Enthoven, this tribe was considered most backward and unclean; but they also keep distance from 'Bhangis' (such most backward community among schedule castes) and don’t eat with them or even donot touch them. As per 1961 census report, 47 villages and 5 cities of Thana District and 129 villages of Khandesh area were intermingled with Surat and Valsad district. The survey conducted in those villages surprisingly showed that there was not a single village, which didnot have population of Tokre Koli tribe! Tokre Koli tribe people usually stay in villages along with Dhodia, Kunkana, Nayaka, Rajput, Muslims etc. In the villages they stay in a group of 10-12 families. Their main occupation in these villages is grazing of animals and agriculture labour work. If they stay in a village in larger number, it becomes difficult for them to get animal grazing work or agriculture labour work for all of them. That is why they prefer to stay in different villages with 10-12 families' group. They sometimes construct their own huts on the land of land owner itself; who is their master. Their residence is separately located in a corner site. Such place is known as Tokre Koli-was (place where Tokre Kolis stay).
In the State of Gujarat, in 1991 census the population of Tokre Koli Primitive tribe was 82,679. In 2001 (Land and People - 2005). 48,419 and as per current 2005-06 survey it was recorded to be 41,396.
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